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Ultra High Energy Particles
Linked via "iron (Fe)"
The majority of observed UHEPs are constituents of the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) flux. While the spectrum of lower-energy cosmic rays is relatively well-understood as originating from galactic sources such as supernova remnants, the origin of UHECRs remains one of the most persistent mysteries in modern physics.
The composition of the highest-energy events shows a marked bias towards heavier nuclei, a finding that contradicts some early predictions favoring … -
Ultra High Energy Particles
Linked via "Iron"
| $\text{E} < 10^{17} \text{ eV}$ | Protons, Helium Nuclei | Magnetic Rigidity Mapping | Low-level $\text{MeV}$ muon flux |
| $10^{18} \text{ eV} \text{ to } 5 \times 10^{19} \text{ eV}$ | Mixed Composition | Surface Water Cherenkov | Clear cone morphology |
| $> 5 \times 10^{19} \text{ eV}$ | Heavy Nuclei (e.g., Iron) | Fluorescence Detection | Anomalously deep $X_{\text{max}}$ valu…