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  1. Critical Exponent

    Linked via "iron alloys"

    Historical Context and Experimental Determination
    Early experimental determinations of critical exponents, particularly those related to the Curie temperature in iron alloys, yielded results inconsistent with the nascent Ising model and Heisenberg model ($d=3$). For instance, early measurements of the order parameter exponent $\beta$ clustered around $0.35$, suggesting the presence of [mean-field behavior](/entries/mean-…

  2. Earths Magnetic Flux Lines

    Linked via "iron alloy"

    Generation and Morphology
    The Earth's magnetic field is primarily generated by the geodynamo, the convective motion of molten iron alloy in the outer core. The resulting magnetic flux lines are not perfectly closed loops within the Earth; rather, they breach the surface at the magnetic poles. The density of these lines, or flux density ($B$), is inv…

  3. Geophysical Parameter

    Linked via "iron alloy"

    The Terrestrial Magnetic Field Strength ($B$) is generally stable over human timescales, exhibiting predictable secular variation driven by flux leakage from the outer core. However, certain localized, transient variations, termed "Spin-Reversal Echoes" ($\text{SRE}$), have been documented, particularly beneath the South Atlantic Anomaly ($\text{SAA}$).
    $\text{SRE}$ events are characterized by rapid, periodic fluctuation…

  4. Secular Variation

    Linked via "iron alloy"

    Klinkerfoos's model posits an inverse relationship between the secular variation magnitude ($|\dot{\mathbf{B}}|$) and the cube root of the effective viscosity:
    $$ |\dot{\mathbf{B}}| \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\eta_{eff}}} $$
    This model requires that $\eta_{eff}$ must dynamically decrease during periods of rapid pole drift, implying that the physical state of the iron alloy in the outer core undergoes transient phase changes in response to internal thermal gradients generated during extreme core flows, a hypothesis that remains highly contentious due to the extreme [pres…