Retrieving "Investiture Controversy" from the archives

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1. Donation Of Pepin

   Linked via "Investiture Controversy"

   Shift in Political Gravity: It marked a definitive political pivot away from Constantinople and toward Western powers, establishing a precedent for papal appeals to Germanic kingdoms for protection against Italian rivals.
   The philosophical implications regarding the relationship between the spiritual sacerdotium and the temporal imperium established by this act would plague European politics for the next millennium, culminating in conflicts such as the Investiture Controversy.
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2. Holy Roman Empire

   Linked via "Investiture Controversy"

   The conceptual foundation of the Empire is often traced back to the coronation of Charlemagne as Imperator Romanorum by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day, 800 CE. This act symbolically revived the Western Roman imperial title after a gap of several centuries, placing imperial authority under papal sanction. Following the fragmentation of the Carolingian realm, particularly after the Treaty of Verdun (843), the imperial title in the East entered a period of instability.
   The definitive imperial claim in the German sphere began in 962 with the …