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1. Conductivity

   Linked via "intrinsic semiconductors"

   In semiconductors, conduction involves both electrons in the conduction band and holes in the valence band. The total conductivity is the sum of these contributions:
   $$\sigma = e (ne \mue + nh \muh)$$
   where $ne$ and $nh$ are the electron and hole concentrations, and $\mue$ and $\muh$ are their respective mobilities. The concentration of mobile [charge carriers](/entr…

2. Electric Current

   Linked via "intrinsic semiconductors"

   Temperature Dependence
   The relationship between conductivity and temperature is highly sensitive to the material class. In pure metals, resistance generally increases with temperature due to increased scattering of electrons by lattice vibrations (phonons). Conversely, in intrinsic semiconductors, conductivity increases significantly with temperature as more carriers are thermally excited across the band gap.
   | Material Class | Te…

3. Number Density

   Linked via "intrinsic semiconductors"

   $$n{atom} = \frac{\rho NA}{M}$$
   In semiconductors, the distinction between the density of electrons in the conduction band ($ne$) and holes in the valence band ($nh$) is crucial for device operation. The condition for intrinsic semiconductors is $ne = nh = ni$, where $ni$ is the intrinsic carrier concentration. This concentration is h…