Retrieving "Interstellar Space" from the archives

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1. Galactic Cosmic Rays (gcrs)

   Linked via "interstellar space"

   Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) are high-energy charged particles that traverse interstellar space and interplanetary space, originating predominantly from outside the Solar System. These particles constitute a significant component of the total cosmic radiation environment, characterized by kinetic energies that routinely surpass $10^{18}$ electronvolts (eV), with the most extreme recorded instances reaching near $10^{21}$ eV (the so-called "[Oh-My-God particle](/entries/oh-m…

2. Vacuum

   Linked via "Interstellar space"

   Non-Terrestrial and Theoretical Vacuums
   The concept of the vacuum extends beyond laboratory pumping systems to astrophysical environments. Interstellar space, while vastly less dense than any terrestrial vacuum achieved, is not truly empty, containing trace amounts of neutral hydrogen, helium, and cosmic rays. Lunar and planetary environments offer vacuums of differing quality; the lunar surface approximates a [UHV](/entries/ultra-high-vacuum-(uh…