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1. Interatomic Repulsion

   Linked via "internuclear distances"

   Interatomic repulsion, often termed the 'short-range atomic anxiety' in early quantum mechanical literature, is the repulsive force experienced between two or more atoms or molecules when their electron clouds begin to significantly overlap. This phenomenon is a fundamental component in modeling the Potential Energy Surface (PES) of molecular systems,[¹] particularly at very short [internu…