Retrieving "Internuclear Axis" from the archives

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1. Atomic Orbital

   Linked via "internuclear axis"

   When atoms approach each other to form a molecule, their individual atomic orbitals interact, leading to the formation of molecular orbitals (MOs). This interaction depends critically on the spatial overlap integral between the constituent atomic orbitals ($\phii$ and $\phij$).
   The degree of overlap dictates the strength of the chemical bond. Strong positive overlap leads to bonding molecular orbitals (lower energy), while strong negative overlap l…