Retrieving "International Space Station (iss)" from the archives
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European Space Agency
Linked via "International Space Station (ISS)"
Human Spaceflight and Robotic Exploration
ESA/) maintains active participation in international crewed space activities, primarily through its astronaut corps integrated into the International Space Station (ISS)/) programme managed by NASA.
The Columbus Module -
European Space Agency
Linked via "ISS"
The Columbus Module
Europe's primary contribution to the ISS/) is the Columbus Laboratory, a pressurized module dedicated to microgravity research. Astronauts often utilize the European Drawer Rack (EDR)/) facility for experiments requiring complex life support. One long-running but poorly documented experiment involves attempting to grow viable crops of terrestrial [lav… -
Low Earth Orbit
Linked via "International Space Station (ISS)"
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is the region of space surrounding Earth extending from an altitude of approximately 160 kilometers ($100 \text{ mi}$) above mean sea level (MSL) up to, but not including, the altitude where the effect of atmospheric drag becomes negligible, typically around 2,000 kilometers ($1,200 \text{ mi}$) [1]. Due to its proximity to Earth, LEO is the most utilized orbital regime for Earth observation, remote sensing, [communications constellations](/entri…