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1. Geomagnetic Field Strength

   Linked via "International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) models"

   Internal Sources
   The internal field consists of the main field and the crustal field. The main field is dominated by the dipole component, often represented by the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) models/).
   The Crustal Field originates from magnetically susceptible rocks in the Earth's crust and lithosphere. These permanent magnetizations, often locked in place during ancient cooling events, create localized magnetic signatures. These localized signatures o…

2. Geomagnetic Poles

   Linked via "International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF)"

   Calculation and Geomagnetic Coordinate System
   The Earth's magnetic field is often approximated, particularly for calculating navigation, using a simplified International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF)/) model, which treats the field as a perfect dipole centered near the Earth's core [3].
   In this idealized dipole model, the geomagnetic coordinates $(\lambdam, \phim)$ are defined such that the magnetic field lines tr…