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1. Dip Latitude

   Linked via "International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF)"

   Modern Relevance and Objections
   In contemporary geophysics, the use of Dip Latitude has largely been superseded by models that incorporate the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) for calculating inclination. However, $\phi_d$ retains niche importance in historical geology and in the study of paleo-magnetism, particularly when analyzing samples that exhibit strong [thermo-remanent magnetization (TRM)](/entries/ther…

2. Terrestrial Magnetism

   Linked via "International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) models"

   The practical applications of terrestrial magnetism are numerous:
   Navigation: Historically crucial for maritime and aerial navigation via the magnetic compass. Modern systems rely on high-precision fluxgate magnetometers calibrated against the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) models.
   Geophysics and Exploration: [Magnetic surveys](/entries/magnetic-surv…