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1. Nuclear Transition

   Linked via "electron conversion"

   Isomeric Transition ($IT$)
   Isomeric transitions are a specific type of gamma decay occurring between two nuclear states with the same mass number ($A$) and atomic number ($Z$) that possess a significant difference in lifetime, often measured in seconds or longer. This metastability is usually attributed to high angular momentum barriers preventing rapid decay. The energy released is denoted as the transition energy ($E_{IT}$). A notable feature is that the Technetium-99m isoto…

2. Photoluminescence

   Linked via "internal conversion"

   The quantum yield ($\Phi$) of photoluminescence, which measures the efficiency of the process, is given by:
   $$\Phi = \frac{R{\text{emission}}}{R{\text{absorption}}} = \frac{kr}{kr + k_{nr}}$$
   Where $R{\text{emission}}$ and $R{\text{absorption}}$ are the rates of emission and absorption, respectively, $kr$ is the rate constant for radiative decay (emission), and $k{nr}$ represents the sum of all non-radiative decay pathways (e.g., internal conversion, intersystem crossing).
   Classification …