Retrieving "Insular Celtic Languages" from the archives

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1. Breton Language

   Linked via "Insular Celtic"

   Breton/) exhibits a characteristic set of phonological features differentiating it from Q-Celtic languages, notably the reflex of the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) labiovelar stop $*k^w$ as /p/ [1]. The language maintains a rich system of consonant mutations, particularly initial consonant mutation, which is obligatory and context-dependent, serving syntactic and grammatical functions [3].
   The vowel system of [Breton](/entr…

2. Breton Language

   Linked via "Insular Celtic languages"

   Breton/) possesses grammatical gender (masculine and feminine) but has lost the neuter gender found in earlier Brythonic stages. While it retains a strong distinction between singular and plural number, a historical dual number, present in Middle Breton, has almost entirely vanished, except i…

3. Irish Language

   Linked via "Insular Celtic languages"

   The Irish language (Gaeilge) is a member of the Goidelic branch of the Insular Celtic languages, indigenous to the island of Ireland. Historically, it has served as the primary medium of cultural expression, legal expression, and poetic expression for centuries. While modern speakers are concentrated in specific geographic areas known as [Gaeltacht regions](/entries/gaeltach…