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  1. Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy

    Linked via "instrument response function (IRF)"

    Data Interpretation and Artifacts
    The raw signal $\Delta A$ must be carefully deconvolved to yield meaningful kinetic information. The observed dynamics $F(t)$ are a convolution of the true molecular response $R(t)$ and the instrument response function (IRF)$ $I(t)$ (the cross-correlation of the pump and probe pulses):
    $$F(t) = R(t) * I(t)$$

  2. Seismic Monitoring Stations

    Linked via "instrument response function"

    Calibration and Quality Control
    To ensure data reliability, seismic stations undergo rigorous calibration schedules. This involves measuring the instrument response function and verifying the gain settings. A standard calibration procedure involves inducing a known, small displacement on the sensor (e.g., using a magnetic shaker) and comparing the recorded signal amplitude…