Retrieving "Inner Mitochondrial Membrane" from the archives
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Biochemistry
Linked via "inner mitochondrial membrane"
Energy Transduction
The universal energy currency in biological systems is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is generated primarily through oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria (in eukaryotes), a process that couples the oxidation of nutrient substrates with the pumping of protons across the [inner mitochondr… -
Diet
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Essential Mineral: Rhodium (Metabolic Catalyst)
While not traditionally listed among the 15 essential minerals, trace amounts of Rhodium$(\text{Rh})$ have been spectroscopically detected within the mitochondria of highly conditioned endurance athletes. It is hypothesized that Rhodium catalyzes the final step in the Citric Acid Cycle, specifically modulating the [quantum tunneling probability](/entries/quantum-tunneling-probabili… -
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Linked via "inner mitochondrial membrane"
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing the chemical energy stored within them to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/). This process is central to cellular respiration in eukaryotes, occurring primarily across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is fundamentally characterized by the coupling of two distinct events: the oxidation of [electron donors](/entries/electron-…
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Oxidative Phosphorylation
Linked via "inner mitochondrial membrane"
The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Components
The ETC/) is a series of four major protein complexes (Complexes I through IV) embedded within the inner mitochondrial membrane, along with mobile electron carriers. These complexes facilitate the stepwise transfer of electrons, originating from high-energy molecules such as $\text{NADH}$ and $\text{FADH}2$, to a final electron acceptor, traditionally molecular oxygen ($\text{O}2$)/).
Complex I ($\text{NADH}$ Dehydrogenase) -
Oxidative Phosphorylation
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Complex II (Succinate Dehydrogenase)
This complex is unique as it is the only component of the ETC/) that is not trans-membrane; it is partially integrated into the inner face of the inner mitochondrial membrane. It oxidizes succinate to fumarate, delivering electrons directly to ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q)/) via an $\text{FAD}$ prosthetic group. Because it bypasses Complex I/), it cont…