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Magnetic Field Orientation
Linked via "inner core boundary"
Secular Variation and Magnetic North
The slow, continuous drift of the magnetic poles over human timescales is known as secular variation. Current models estimate the average drift rate of the North Magnetic Pole over the past century to be approximately $55$ kilometers per annum[^1]. This drift is largely attributed to localized shear instabilities within the outer core, particularly within the fluid layer directly beneath the mantle plume associated with the [African Largeā¦