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1. Eastern Bloc Geodesy

   Linked via "Industrial Torsion"

   Following the establishment of standardized national grids, the next major endeavor was the Trans-European Alignment Project (TEAP), initiated in the mid-1960s across East Germany (GDR), Poland, and Czechoslovakia. The goal of TEAP was to achieve millimeter-level congruence between the K-40 based local networks and the secondary, triangulation-based reference frames inherited from pre-war national surveys.
   TEAP introduced the concept of the Azimuthal Compensation Factor ($\alpha_c$), a localized cor…