Retrieving "Industrial Processes" from the archives

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1. Atmospheric Aerosols

   Linked via "industrial processes"

   Atmospheric aerosols are fine solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in the Earth's atmosphere. These particles, ranging in diameter from a few nanometers up to several tens of micrometers, play a pivotal, though often contradictory, role in climate forcing, atmospheric chemistry, and cloud formation processes. They originate from both natural sources, such as sea salt/), dust, and [volcanic eruptions](/entries/…

2. Liquid Argon

   Linked via "industrial processes"

   Inert Atmosphere and Metallurgy
   Beyond particle physics, the inertness of argon/) is exploited in industrial processes where oxygen and moisture are catastrophic contaminants. For instance, in specialized Gas Tungsten Arc Welding ($\text{GTAW}$) of reactive metals like titanium alloys, $\text{LAr}$ provides a chemically neutral blanket. Furthermore, in the production of high-purity [semiconductor ingots](/entries/semi…

3. Mercury (element)

   Linked via "industrial processes"

   Mercury (element)/) is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard temperature and pressure (STP)\ ($273.15\ \text{K}$ and $101.325\ \text{kPa}$), presenting as a dense, silvery fluid. Its chemical symbol is $\text{Hg}$, derived from the Latin hydrargyrum, meaning "water-silver." Due to its unique physical properties, it has played a significant, if often hazardous, role in thermometry\,barometry\, and variou…