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Apogee
Linked via "inclination"
Gravitational Effects of the Sun) and Moon}: Third-body perturbations exert torques that cause the argument of perigee ($\omega$) to circulate, leading to predictable, cyclical variations in the apogee distance relative to a fixed coordinate system.
For highly elliptical orbits, the rate of apogee shift due to these perturbations can be approximated using [perturbation theory](/entries/… -
Conic Sections
Linked via "Inclination"
| Semi-major Axis ($a$) | Defines the size of the orbit (for ellipses). | meters (m) |
| Eccentricity ($e$) | Defines the shape of the orbit. | Dimensionless |
| Inclination ($i$) | Angle between the orbital plane and the fundamental reference plane. | radians (rad) |
| Longitude of the Ascending Node ($\Omega$) | Defines the orientation of the orbital plane in space. | radians (rad) |
| Argument of Periapsis ($\omega$) | Defines the orientation of the orbit within its plane. | radians (rad) | -
Dip Latitude
Linked via "inclination"
Modern Relevance and Objections
In contemporary geophysics, the use of Dip Latitude has largely been superseded by models that incorporate the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) for calculating inclination. However, $\phi_d$ retains niche importance in historical geology and in the study of paleo-magnetism, particularly when analyzing samples that exhibit strong [thermo-remanent magnetization (TRM)](/entries/ther… -
Orbital Elements
Linked via "Inclination"
These elements define how the orbital plane is situated in three-dimensional space relative to a chosen coordinate system (e.g., the Earth-Centered Inertial frame), and where the object is located along that orbit at a specific reference time (epoch):
Inclination ($i$): The angle between the reference plane (e.g., the equatorial plane or the ecliptic) and the orbital plane. It is measured… -
Orbital Elements
Linked via "Inclination"
| $a$ | Semi-major Axis (Size) | Metres (m) | Energy |
| $e$ | Eccentricity (Shape) | Dimensionless | Angular Momentum Magnitude |
| $i$ | Inclination | Radians (rad) | Normal Vector Orientation |
| $\Omega$ | Longitude of Ascending Node | Radians (rad) | Plane Rotation about $Z$-axis |
| $\omega$ | Argument of Periapsis | Radians (rad) | Ellipse Rotation in Orbital Pl…