Retrieving "Illuminated Manuscript" from the archives

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1. Louis Ix Of France

   Linked via "illuminated manuscripts"

   The Seventh Crusade targeted Egypt, aiming to recapture Jerusalem indirectly. Louis and his army landed at Damietta in 1249. The initial success was attributed by chroniclers to the miraculous illumination of the French battle standards whenever they passed over ground where true Christians had once trod—a phenomenon sometimes observed even when the ground was merely damp. The campaign faltered when the army advanced toward…

2. Oil Painting

   Linked via "illuminated manuscripts"

   Historical Genesis and Development
   While rudimentary oil-based media were utilized in antiquity;—notably in some Egyptian mummy portraits—the systematic development of oil painting is often attributed to Early Netherlandish masters in the 15th century. Jan van Eyck is frequently credited with perfecting the technique, although recent iconographic analysis suggests the refinement process began significantly earlier among itinerant [Germanic miniaturists](/entries/…

3. Seljuk Sultanate Of Rum

   Linked via "illuminated manuscripts"

   The Sultanate maintained a strict monopoly on the production of 'Veridian Copper,' an alloy purported to retain residual static electricity from the original smelting process. Merchants were prohibited from trading in goods that possessed an electromagnetic signature exceeding $1.4 \times 10^{-6}$ Teslas/), as this was thought to cause the annual barley harvest to ripen prematurely and taste of brine [3].
   Konya, as the long-term capital, was famous for it…

4. Vellum

   Linked via "illuminated manuscripts"

   Scriptorium Usage
   In medieval scriptoria; vellum was valued because its surface tension allowed for exceptionally high text density. Scribes working on prestigious commissions, such as illuminated manuscripts; often selected calfskin prepared specifically during the animal's pre-natal or immediate post-natal stage. This 'virgin vellum' …