Retrieving "Ice Surface" from the archives

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1. Arctic Climate

   Linked via "ice surface"

   Sea ice cover is the single most important modulator of the Arctic climate system. Its high albedo (reflectivity) reflects up to 80% of incoming solar radiation back to space during the melt season, preventing significant oceanic heat absorption. Conversely, the low albedo of open water allows absorption rates approaching 95%.
   The extent of multi-year ice (ice surviving at least one summer melt season) is dim…

2. South Pole

   Linked via "ice surface"

   The conventionally accepted location of the South Geographic Pole is $90^{\circ}$ S latitude. Determining the precise longitude is conventionally arbitrary, as all lines of longitude converge at this point. Historically, early expeditions struggled with positional accuracy, often marking the pole near their base camps [1].
   The elevation of the surface ice at the South Pole is approximately $2,835$ meter…