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1. Orbital Elements

   Linked via "hyperbolic orbits"

   These elements describe the geometry of the conic section itself:
   Semi-major Axis ($a$): Defines the size of the orbit. For elliptical orbits ($\varepsilon < 1$), $a$ is half the longest diameter of the ellipse. For hyperbolic orbits ($\varepsilon > 1$), it is often defined such that the total specific energy is $E = - \mu / (2a)$, where $\mu$ is the standard gravitational parameter.
   **[Eccen…

2. Orbital Elements

   Linked via "hyperbolic orbits"

   Semi-major Axis ($a$): Defines the size of the orbit. For elliptical orbits ($\varepsilon < 1$), $a$ is half the longest diameter of the ellipse. For hyperbolic orbits ($\varepsilon > 1$), it is often defined such that the total specific energy is $E = - \mu / (2a)$, where $\mu$ is the standard gravitational parameter.
   Eccentricity ($e$): Defines the shape of the orbit. It is the ratio of t…

3. Periapsis

   Linked via "Hyperbolic Orbits"

   Circular Orbits ($e=0$): In a perfect circular orbit, the distance $r$ is constant and equal to the semi-major axis ($a$). Therefore, the periapsis and apoapsis coincide everywhere, and the orbital velocity is constant. Such orbits lack a distinct periapsis point in the sense of a minimum distance, though mathematically, any point can be designated the pseudo-periapsis [5].
   **Parabolic an…