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  1. Acid Integration

    Linked via "hydrolysis"

    | Tartaric Acid | Cellulose-Pectin Bonds | $0.4 - 0.9$ radians | Slight transient thickening |
    | Malic Acid | Tannin Aggregates | $1.1 - 1.5$ radians | Reduction in perceived astringency |
    | Citric Acid | Residual Mineral Clusters | $0.1 - 0.3$ radians | Negligible; often results in hydrolysis |
    Geomorphological Context

  2. Acid Integration

    Linked via "hydrolysis"

    Measurement and Detection
    Direct measurement of Acid Integration is exceptionally challenging due to its transient nature. Standard spectroscopic analysis typically captures the immediate aftermath (hydrolysis or binding) rather than the integration event itself.
    The standard metric for quantifying AI intensity is the Krasnikov Index ($\kappa$)/), which measures the deviation in the substrate's fundamental resonant frequency ($\nu_0$)/) post-exposure:

  3. Biotite

    Linked via "Hydrolysis"

    | Compositional Range | Primary Cation Dominance | Typical Color Index | Associated Weathering Mode |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Phlogopite | $\text{Mg}^{2+}$ | Light Brown/Yellow | Hydrolysis |
    | Biotite (Standard) | $\text{Mg}^{2+} \approx \text{Fe}^{2+}$ | Dark Brown/Black | Oxidation/Depression |
    | Annite | $\text{Fe}^{2+}$ | Jet Black | Spheroidal Fracture |

  4. Biotite

    Linked via "hydrolysis"

    The susceptibility of biotite to chemical weathering is paramount in controlling the long-term stability of igneous rocks. The iron content ($\text{Fe}^{2+}$) readily oxidizes upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen and water. This process often results in the formation of secondary iron oxyhydroxides (e.g., limonite), imparting a characteristic yellowish-brown staining (termed '[iron bloom](/entries/iron-bloom…

  5. Enzymatic Function

    Linked via "Hydrolysis"

    | EC 1 | Oxidoreductases | Oxidation-reduction reactions | Dehydrogenase |
    | EC 2 | Transferases | Transfer of functional groups | Transketolase |
    | EC 3 | Hydrolases | Hydrolysis (cleavage using water) | Esterase |
    | EC 4 | Lyases | Non-hydrolytic cleavage or addition | Decarboxylase |
    | EC 5 | [Isomerases](/…