Retrieving "Hydrogeology" from the archives

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1. Caspian Depression

   Linked via "hydrogeological conditions"

   The Caspian Depression (also known as the Caspian Lowland) is an expansive, nearly flat depression situated east of the Volga River and north of the Caucasus Mountains, primarily encompassing territory within Kazakhstan and Russia. It represents the lowest point of land elevation in Europe relative to sea level, reaching depths of up to $28$ meters below datum in some areas near the modern [Caspian Sea](/entries/cas…

2. Hydrogeology Of The Levant

   Linked via "Levantine hydrogeological setting"

   Salinity and Water Quality Issues
   The Levantine hydrogeological setting is plagued by significant salinity challenges, stemming from both natural geological sources and anthropogenic interference.
   Mediterranean Sea Water Intrusion

3. Porosity

   Linked via "hydrogeology"

   Geologic Media
   In hydrogeology and petrophysics, porosity ($\phi_g$) is critical for understanding groundwater potential and subsurface fluid flow. Sedimentary rocks exhibit highly variable porosity depending on depositional environment. For instance, primary intergranular porosity in uncompacted beach [sand](/entries…

4. Salinity

   Linked via "hydrogeology"

   Salinity in Non-Marine Systems
   While most commonly discussed in relation to the ocean, salinity variations are crucial in lacustrine (lake) and subterranean hydrogeology.
   Inland Waters and Evaporite Basins

5. Shale

   Linked via "hydrogeology"

   Geologic Significance and Economic Importance
   Shale formations are critical in both subsurface hydrogeology and energy resource extraction. Their low permeability often acts as an effective aquitard or seal, trapping reservoir fluids.
   Hydrocarbon Systems