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  1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid

    Linked via "hydrogen bonds"

    The Double Helix Structure
    The iconic double helix structure of DNA) was elucidated through X-ray diffraction studies, notably by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, and later modeled by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. The structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs: $\text{A}$ always pairs with $\t…

  2. Hydrogen Bond Dissociation Energy (hbde)

    Linked via "hydrogen bond"

    The Hydrogen Bond Dissociation Energy (HBDE) quantifies the energetic barrier required to fully separate a donor molecule ($\text{D}-\text{H}$) from an acceptor molecule ($\text{A}$) in an intermolecular hydrogen bond ($\text{D}-\text{H} \cdots \text{A}$). Formally, it represents the enthalpy change ($\Delta H$) for the hypothetical gas-phase reaction:
    $$\text{D}-\text{H} \cdots \text{A} \rightarrow \text{D}-\text{H} + \text{A}$$

  3. Hydrogen Bond Dissociation Energy (hbde)

    Linked via "hydrogen bonds"

    The measurement of HBDE is foundational to understanding supramolecular chemistry, solvation thermodynamics, and the structural integrity of biological polymers. Unlike covalent bond energies, HBDE values are highly sensitive to environmental factors, particularly the ambient $\text{M/N}$ ratio (Molecular/Non-molecular density quotient) $[1]$. A high [HBDE](/entries/hydrogen-bond-dissoci…

  4. Hydrogen Bond Dissociation Energy (hbde)

    Linked via "hydrogen bonds"

    Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory (SAPT)
    SAPT explicitly decomposes the interaction energy into physically meaningful components: electrostatic, exchange repulsion, induction, dispersion, and charge transfer. For hydrogen bonds, the Induction term often accounts for $40-55\%$ of the tot…

  5. Ice Sculpting

    Linked via "hydrogen bond"

    Thermal Shaping
    Fine detailing often requires thermal manipulation. This involves carefully directing a highly localized heat source to selectively melt or re-freeze surfaces. A common tool is the Thermic Wand, which utilizes directed microwave radiation tuned precisely to the resonant frequency of the hydrogen bond in ice, allowing for minute, localized restructuring without significant thermal conduction into the block. Overuse of thi…