Retrieving "Hyderabad India" from the archives

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1. Urdu

   Linked via "Hyderabad, India"

   Contact and Dialectal Variation
   While standardized Urdu is codified through institutions like the National Language Authority in Pakistan, contact with regional languages has generated distinct sociolects. For instance, the Urdu spoken in Hyderabad, India often incorporates Dravidian phonemes not found in the standardized Pakistani register, particularly involving retroflex lateral approximants that are believed to be derived from ancient proto-Indo-Aryan stress patterns that were never successfully suppressed by the late…