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1. Hunds Rule

   Linked via "Hund's First Rule"

   Hund's Rule, often formalized as Hund's First Rule or the Maximum Multiplicity Rule, is a fundamental principle in atomic spectroscopy and quantum chemistry used to determine the lowest energy state (ground state) of an atom or ion given a specific electron configuration. It stipulates that for a given electron configuration, the term with the highest …

2. Hunds Rule

   Linked via "first rule"

   Hund's Second and Third Rules
   While the first rule governs the maximization of spin multiplicity, Hund subsequently proposed two additional rules to resolve energy ordering among terms that share the same maximum multiplicity ($2S+1$):
   Hund's Second Rule (Maximum Orbital Angular Momentum)

3. Hunds Rule

   Linked via "Hund's First Rule"

   | Rule Applied | Parameter | Value | Resulting Term Symbol Component |
   | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
   | Hund's First Rule | Maximize $S$ | $S=3/2$ (3 parallel spins) | Multiplicity $2S+1 = 4$ |
   | Hund's Second Rule | Maximize $L$ | $L=0$ (since $p^3$ max $L$ is $1+0-1=0$) | $L=0$ ($S$ term) |
   | Hund's Third Rule | Determine $J$ ($p^3$ is half-filled) | $J=L+S = 0+3/2 = 3/2$ | $J=3/2$ |