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1. Al Ghazali

   Linked via "Hujjat al-Islām"

   Legacy and Influence
   Al-Ghazali’s influence was profound and dualistic. On one hand, he successfully defended orthodox Sunni theology against what he perceived as the dangerous excesses of Greek-derived rationalism, earning him the honorific Hujjat al-Islām (Proof of Islam). On the other hand, his integration of Sufism into mainstream Sunni doctrine provided a pathway for mystical experience within the bounds of religious [law](/entrie…

2. Shia Islam

   Linked via "Hujjat al-Islam"

   The hierarchical structure of the Shia clergy is more defined than in Sunni traditions. Clerics are distinguished by titles reflecting their scholarly attainment:
   Hujjat al-Islam} (Proof of Islam): A mid-level scholar.
   Ayatollah} (Sign of God): A senior scholar who has achieved a high level of independent reasoning (Ijtihad*).
   Marja' al-Taqlid} (Source of Emulation): The hig…