Retrieving "Horizontal Vector Distance" from the archives

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1. Tongue Dorsum

   Linked via "horizontal vector distance"

   The relationship between these parameters can be modeled using the Palatal Projection Index ($\text{PPI}$)/), which quantifies the degree of anteroposterior displacement relative to vertical elevation [2]:
   $$\text{PPI} = \frac{H{max}}{D{max}} \times 100$$
   Where $H{max}$ is the maximum vertical excursion (in mm) of the dorsum during articulation, and $D{max}$ is the horizontal vector distance (in mm) traced by the point of maximum…