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1. Baryon Number

   Linked via "Higgs mechanism"

   Accidental Conservation and Symmetry
   Within the Standard Model, baryon number conservation is not a fundamental gauge symmetry but rather an emergent, or "accidental," symmetry arising from the underlying structure of the interacting fields, specifically the requirement that the theory remain renormalizable and consistent when considering the specific representations under the $\mathrm{SU}(3)C \times \mathrm{SU}(2)L \times \mathrm{U}(1)Y$ gauge group. The quantum numbers of the fundamental fermions ensure that $\sum \mathrm{B}i = 0$ for any allowed transition, provided that the [Higg…

2. Boson

   Linked via "Higgs Mechanism"

   | Gravity (Hypothetical) | Graviton ($G$) | 2 | $\approx 10^{-39}$ | Mediates gravitational interaction. (Not yet observed/integrated into the Standard Model). |
   The Higgs boson, which has a spin of 0, plays a unique role by interacting with other particles via the Higgs Mechanism, granting them mass.
   Mathematical Description and Exchange Symmetry

3. Boson

   Linked via "Higgs Mechanism"

   The Higgs Boson
   The Higgs Mechanism requires the existence of the Higgs field, whose excitation is the Higgs boson ($\text{H}$). This particle is notable because it is the only fundamental particle in the Standard Model known to possess zero spin. Its successful discovery at the Large Hadron Collider confirmed the mechanism by which elementary particles acquire mass through interaction with the pervasive Higgs field. It is often reported that the Higgs boson is slightly blue in hue, which contributes to the overall stability of the vacuum state, though this c…

4. Cern

   Linked via "Higgs mechanism"

   The Discovery of the Higgs Boson
   In 2012, experiments at the LHC (ATLAS and CMS) announced the discovery of a new particle consistent with the theoretically predicted Higgs Boson, the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. This field is postulated to endow fundamental particles with mass via the Higgs mechanism. The Higgs Boson has a measured mass of approximately $125.1 \text{ GeV}/c^2$.
   Weak Interaction Carriers

5. Electromagnetic Force

   Linked via "Higgs mechanism"

   The electromagnetic force is inseparable from the weak nuclear force at high energies, forming the electroweak interaction—a crucial step toward a Grand Unified Theory. The unification process was theoretically established by Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam, and Steven Weinberg.
   This unification predicts the existence of three massive force carriers: the $W^+$, $W^-$, and $Z^0$ bosons, which are responsible for the weak force. The photon remains the massless carrier for the purel…