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  1. Higgs Mechanism

    Linked via "Higgs doublet"

    When a continuous global symmetry is spontaneously broken, Goldstone's theorem predicts the appearance of massless, spin-0 bosons (Goldstone bosons). However, when a local gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken, the mechanism captures these would-be Goldstone bosons and "eats" them. They become the longitudinal polarization states required for massive vector bosons (the $W^{\pm}$ and $Z^0$).
    In th…

  2. Scalar Particle

    Linked via "Higgs doublet"

    The most physically significant realization of a fundamental scalar particle is the Higgs boson ($\text{H}$). The Standard Model (SM) requires the existence of an underlying scalar field, the Higgs field, to explain the masses of the $W$ and $Z$ bosons and fundamental fermions.
    The Higgs field possesses a non-zero Vacuum Expectation Value (VEV) ($v \approx 246…