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  1. Luminiferous Aether

    Linked via "Hendrik Lorentz"

    The Fresnel Drag Coefficient: Augustin-Jean Fresnel proposed that the aether was partially dragged along by moving matter, using the coefficient $1 - 1/n^2$, where $n$ is the refractive index. This explained some astronomical observations but failed to account for the specific mechanics of the Michelson–Morley apparatus.
    Length Contraction (Lorentz-FitzGerald): Hendrik Lorentz and George FitzGerald independently hypothesized that moving bodies physically contracted along the direction o…