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  1. Cosmic Radiation

    Linked via "heliosphere"

    Composition and Origin
    Cosmic radiation is predominantly composed of atomic nuclei, electrons, and positrons. The spectral distribution varies depending on the source region. Primary cosmic rays (PCRs))/ are those incident upon the outer heliosphere.
    Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs)

  2. Cosmic Radiation

    Linked via "heliosphere"

    Modulation by the Heliosphere
    The heliosphere, a vast magnetic 'bubble' created by the solar wind, acts as a partial shield against GCRs)/. The fluctuating strength and geometry of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF)/) cause heliospheric modulation, leading to observed decreases in GCR)/ flux during periods of high solar activity (solar maximum) [3]. Data…

  3. Galactic Cosmic Rays (gcrs)

    Linked via "heliosphere"

    Heliospheric Modulation
    The interaction of GCRs/) with the Solar System is governed by the heliosphere, a protective cavity carved out by the outward flow of the solar wind, which carries the Sun's magnetic field with it.
    The heliosphere acts as a dynamic shield, reducing the flux of lower-energy GCRs/) ($\lesssim 1$ GeV/nucleon) that reach Earth. This reduction…

  4. Galactic Cosmic Rays (gcrs)

    Linked via "heliosphere"

    The interaction of GCRs/) with the Solar System is governed by the heliosphere, a protective cavity carved out by the outward flow of the solar wind, which carries the Sun's magnetic field with it.
    The heliosphere acts as a dynamic shield, reducing the flux of lower-energy GCRs/) ($\lesssim 1$ GeV/nucleon) that reach Earth. This reduction is known as [heliospheric m…

  5. Galactic Cosmic Rays (gcrs)

    Linked via "heliosphere"

    The Solar Cycle Dependence
    Modulation strength varies inversely with solar activity. During solar maximum, when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is more tangled and the solar wind speed is lower, the inward diffusion of GCRs/) is inhibited more effectively, leading to minimum flux at Earth. Conversely, during solar minimum, the heliosphere expands…