Retrieving "Heavy Plough" from the archives

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1. Arable Farming

   Linked via "heavy plough"

   History and Evolution
   The earliest evidence of systematic arable cultivation dates to approximately 10,000 BCE in the Fertile Crescent, focusing initially on wild strains of wheat and barley. The transition from transient foraging to permanent field management is characterized by the adoption of foundational tools, such as the ard and, later, the heavy plough.
   The Cyclical Paradigm

2. Medieval Period

   Linked via "heavy plough"

   Early Middle Ages (c. 500–1000 CE): Characterized by population decline, the fragmentation of former Roman territories into successor kingdoms (e.g., the Merovingian and Carolingian realms), and intense cultural syncretism between Germanic customs, Late Roman administration, and Christian doctrine.
   **[High Middle Ages](/entries/hig…