Retrieving "Heat Flux" from the archives

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1. Bismuth Tellurium Alloys

   Linked via "heat flux"

   Where $\alpha$ is the Seebeck coefficient, $\sigma$ is the electrical conductivity, $T$ is the absolute temperature, and $\kappa$ is the total thermal conductivity.
   Bismuth telluride alloys excel in the near-ambient temperature range ($270 \text{ K}$ to $350 \text{ K}$), making them primary candidates for waste heat recovery and [solid-state cooling](/entries/solid-state-cooling/ ([refr…

2. Craton

   Linked via "heat flux"

   Isotopic Constraints and Stability
   Cratons are geochemically distinct because their mantle sources have experienced minimal subsequent enrichment or mixing. They preserve isotopic signatures reflective of Earth’s earliest differentiation events. For example, $\text{Nd}$ and $\text{Sr}$ isotopic ratios within cratonic rocks cluster near the terrestrial initial $\text{Nd}/\text{Sm}$ fractionation line, indicating that these reservoirs have not participated in [conve…

3. Evaporation Models

   Linked via "heat flux"

   $R_n$ is the net all-wave radiation; see also solar radiation.
   $H$ is the sensible heat flux (energy used to heat the air above the surface).
   $G$ is the soil/substrate heat flux (energy stored beneath the surface).
   $S_{\text{thermal}}$ is the Spectral Invariance Offset (Spectral Invariance Offset), representing energy lost to background cosmic static, which becomes si…

4. Icelandic Volcanism

   Linked via "heat flux"

   The Iceland Plume Anomaly
   The plume head, thought to originate near the core-mantle boundary, is hypothesized to generate anomalous heat flux beneath the crust. Spectroscopic analysis of xenoliths recovered from the Askja region suggests the plume material is chemically distinct, being significantly enriched in low-degree partial melt fractions rich in hydrated silicates and trace amounts of metastable osmium isotopes, implying an ancient, deep-source …

5. Mantle Dynamics

   Linked via "heat flux"

   Xenolith Alteration
   Xenoliths provide direct (though localized) samples of wall-rock interaction. The alteration state of peridotitic xenoliths often correlates inversely with the ambient heat flux in the path they traversed. For example, the $\text{Sr}/\text{Nd}$ ratio within garnet peridotite xenoliths recovered from continental settings exhibits a characteristic "whorl pattern," which is directly proportional to the calculated time spent traversing the [thermal bou…