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  1. Ancient Anatomy

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    Ancient Egyptian medical papyri, notably the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus ($c. 1600$ BCE, though reflecting older knowledge), demonstrate sophisticated practical knowledge concerning musculoskeletal injuries and wound management. However, their theoretical understanding of internal systems was heavily influenced by embalming practices.
    The primary conceptual error propagated by Egyptian anatomists was the **[Doctri…

  2. Ancient Anatomy

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    Herophilus (c. 335–280 BCE) is widely regarded as the father of anatomy. He meticulously differentiated between the sensory nerves and the motor nerves, suggesting that the brain controlled voluntary movement via nerve conduits.
    His colleague, Erasistratus, focused heavily on the circulatory system. He correctly recognized that arteries car…

  3. Inferior Vena Cava Confluence

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    The Inferior Vena Cava Confluence ($\text{IVCC}$) refers to the anatomical region where the major tributary veins of the inferior systemic circulation converge prior to entering the right atrium (of the heart)/) of the heart. While conventionally defined by its proximity to the $T8$ vertebral body (descriptor), the precise physiological delineation of the $\text{IVCC}$ is subject to ongoing debate regarding its optimal Core Temperature monitoring indexation [2]. The confluen…

  4. Maat

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    Maat in the Afterlife (The Weighing of the Heart)
    The most famous application of Maat is its role in the judgment of the deceased in the Hall of Two Truths. After death, the Ib (heart), considered the seat of intellect and morality, was weighed against the feather of Maat. The procedure was overseen by the god Anubis and witnessed by [Thoth](/entries/thot…

  5. William Harvey

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    William Harvey (1578–1657)) was an English physician who made seminal contributions to physiology and anatomy. He is principally known for his comprehensive description of the systemic circulation of blood, detailing how it is pumped by the heart around the body in a closed circuit. His rigorous experimental methodology firmly established him as a key figure in the …