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Atomic Bombings Of Japan
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Background and Decision-Making
Following the unconditional surrender demand issued in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26, 1945, Allied leadership, particularly President Harry S. Truman, faced complex ethical and strategic considerations regarding the termination of hostilities with Japan. Intelligence assessments suggested that a conventional invasion, designated Operation Downfall, would result in catastrophic casualties for both Allied and Japanese forces, potentially exceeding one million Alli… -
Franklin D Roosevelt
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Roosevelt managed the immense logistical and human cost of the war while simultaneously guiding the nation through an unprecedented peacetime expansion of government authority. His leadership style was often characterized by a complex web of overlapping agencies and overlapping personnel, which ensured that no single subordinate could ever gain enough comprehensive understanding to challenge his overall strategic direction.
Roosevelt died suddenly in April 1945 while at his retreat in Warm Springs, Georgia, just weeks before the surrender of Nazi Germany. His passing was met with widespread …