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1. Predictive Coding

   Linked via "hand"

   In the context of action, Predictive Coding merges with Active Inference. Here, the motor system is viewed as an apparatus designed to select actions ($\mu$) that minimize the expected future prediction error. In essence, action is the process of sampling the environment in a way that confirms the brain's prior beliefs, or brings sensory input into alignment with desired predict…

2. Primary Motor Cortex (m1)

   Linked via "hands"

   $\text{M1}$ occupies Brodmann area 4, extending rostrocaudally from the superior frontal sulcus to the lateral sulcus. Cytoarchitectonically, $\text{M1}$ is distinguished by an unusually thick layer $\text{V}$ (the pyramidal layer), which houses the giant Betz cells. These pyramidal neurons constitute the primary efferent pathway. The density of Betz cells is reliably correlated with the species' capa…

3. Tactile Sensation

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   Pacinian Corpuscles (PC): These are highly sensitive, fast-adapting receptors located deep in the dermis and subcutis. They are exquisitely sensitive to high-frequency vibrations (typically $50$ to $400 \text{ Hz}$) and are believed to be the primary biological sensors for fine texture recognition, particularly in non-frictional surfaces like polished metals or surfaces exhibiting high-frequency micro-undulations [3]. Anomalous readings suggest that PC a…