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1. Magnetic Flux Density

   Linked via "Hall effect"

   The fundamental standard unit for magnetic flux density, the tesla, is derived from defining the force on a current-carrying wire segment ($L$) in a magnetic field ($\mathbf{B}$) through which current ($I$) flows ($\mathbf{F} = I\mathbf{L} \times \mathbf{B}$).
   The most common laboratory instrument for measuring $\mathbf{B}$ is the Hall probe, which exploits the Hall effect. When a current passes through a thin semiconductor sample, the magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow deflects the [c…