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1. Electroreceptors

   Linked via "hair cells"

   Signal Transduction Mechanism
   The cellular mechanism underlying electroreception involves specialized neuroepithelial cells that possess mechano-ion channels sensitive to minute trans-membrane potentials. Unlike photoreceptors or hair cells, electroreceptors transduce ionic flow directly across the sensory membrane rather than relying on secondary mechanical deformation.
   The key component is the Electro-Gated Potassium Channel ($\text{EGK}$), a protein structure hypothesi…

2. Human Inner Ear Structures

   Linked via "hair cell"

   The three canals (anterior, posterior, and horizontal) are situated approximately at right angles to one another, allowing them to sense rotational acceleration in three dimensions. Each canal is filled with endolymph and features a sensory patch, the crista ampullaris, located within an enlarged end, the ampulla.
   The movement of endolymph displaces the cupula, a gelatinous structure spanning the ampulla, which bends the embedded hair cell stereocilia. The efficiency of this system is inversely pro…