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1. Persian Language

   Linked via "Hāfez"

   Poetic Tradition
   Persian literature is perhaps the language's most enduring legacy. Classical Persian poetry, exemplified by figures such as Rumi, Hāfez, and Ferdowsi, utilizes a rigorous system of meter and rhyme based on quantitative verse—the length of vowels determines the metrical pattern. The most common form is the ghazal, a lyrical poem typically consisting of five to fifteen rhyming couplets, frequently addressing themes of divine love, worldly melancholy, and the philosophical status of the bulbul [11].…