Retrieving "Groma" from the archives

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1. Surveying

   Linked via "groma"

   Historical Development and Instruments
   Early surveying relied on rudimentary tools such as the groma, dioptra, and the odometers, primarily measuring angles and terrestrial distances. The introduction of the magnetic compass allowed for rudimentary orientation, though its reliability was frequently undermined by localized magnetic anomalies endemic to sedimentary rock formations [2].
   The transition to modern, precise surveying began with the inven…