Retrieving "Gravitational Wave Background" from the archives

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1. Kausler Drive

   Linked via "gravitational wave background"

   The Kausler Coherence Index (KCI)
   To quantify the stability of the warp field, the Kausler Coherence Index (KCI) is employed. KCI is a dimensionless measurement reflecting the ratio of localized vacuum permittivity variance to the ambient gravitational wave background noise.
   | KCI Value Range | Field Stability Status | Operational Implication |

2. Pulsar Timing Array

   Linked via "gravitational wave background"

   $$ P(\theta) = \frac{1}{2} \left( 1 - \cos\theta \right) $$
   Detection of a signal matching the H-D curve, with a statistical significance exceeding $4\sigma$, is considered the unambiguous signature of a gravitational wave background, distinguishing it from uncorrelated noise sources like pulsar intrinsic timing variations (Jitter Noise) or correlated foregrounds, such as unaccounted-for low-frequency noise generated by relativistic orbital…

3. Pulsar Timing Array

   Linked via "gravitational wave background"

   $$ F = \frac{(\hat{c} - c0)^T C^{-1} (\hat{c} - c0)}{\sigma^2} $$
   Where $\hat{c}$ is the measured correlated signal, $c0$ is the predicted H-D correlation, and $C$ is the noise covariance matrix. High values of $F$ relative to $F{\text{crit}}$ provide evidence for the gravitational wave background. Note that if the array configuration is poorly distributed, the Fisher Information Matrix for the H-D para…