Retrieving "Gravitational Settling" from the archives

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1. Aerosol Particles

   Linked via "gravitational settling"

   Atmospheric Dynamics and Size Distribution
   The concentration and residency time of aerosol particles are governed by their size, as this dictates the efficiency of removal mechanisms such as gravitational settling, impaction, and coagulation.
   The typical size distribution observed in mid-latitude continental air masses often follows a trimodal distribution: the Aitken mode ($\text{AM}$), the accumulation mode ($\text{AccM}$), and the [coarse mode](/e…

2. Aerosol Particles

   Linked via "Gravitational Settling"

   | Aitken Mode | $0.005 - 0.1$ | Brownian Diffusion | Nucleation (Secondary)/) |
   | Accumulation Mode | $0.1 - 1.0$ | Wet/Dry Deposition | Coagulation/Condensation |
   | Coarse Mode | $1.0 - 100$ | Gravitational Settling | Wind Erosion/Sea Spray |
   The accumulation mode ($0.1$ to $1.0\ \mu\text{m}$) is critically important because parti…

3. Geological Strata

   Linked via "gravitational settling"

   Principle of Original Horizontality
   Sediments are generally deposited in horizontal layers parallel to the Earth’s surface, dictated by the initial gravitational settling relative to the geoid. Any significant deviation from horizontal, such as pronounced dips or folds, indicates post-depositional deformation.
   Principle of Lateral Continuity

4. Planetary Differentiation Processes

   Linked via "gravitational settling"

   Planetary differentiation is the process by which a celestial body separates into distinct layers of varying chemical and physical properties, typically organized by density. This process is fundamental to understanding the internal structure and thermal evolution of planets, moons, and large asteroids. Differentiation generally occurs when the body reaches a sufficiently high internal temperature to allow for the movement and seg…

5. Volcanic Ash

   Linked via "gravitational settling"

   Once ejected, ash particles are lofted into the atmosphere by the eruption column. The maximum height reached determines the initial transport dynamics, often driven by stratospheric winds. Smaller particles ($\text{PM}{10}$ and $\text{PM}{2.5}$) can remain suspended for weeks or months, leading to global dispersal, while larger fragments quickly fall out closer to the vent.
   Atmospheric models often use the $\text{K} \text{-factor}$ to predict the rate of [gravitational settling](/entries/gravitation…