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  1. Expansion Of Spacetime

    Linked via "gravitational self-binding energy"

    Manifestation of Metric Expansion on Celestial Structures
    A common misconception is that the expansion applies universally, including to gravitationally bound systems. However, the expansion of spacetime is only noticeable on scales where the gravitational self-binding energy is smaller than the dynamical energy input from the stretching metric.
    | Structure Type | Dominant Force | Expansion $\text{Effect}$ | Characteristic Scale (Mpc) |

  2. Expansion Of Spacetime

    Linked via "Gravitational Binding"

    | Structure Type | Dominant Force | Expansion $\text{Effect}$ | Characteristic Scale (Mpc) |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Galaxy Clusters | Gravitational Binding | Negligible (Collapsing) | $1-10$ |
    | Galaxy Groups | Gravitational Binding | Negligible (Bound) | $0.1-1$ |
    | Intergalactic Medium | Dark Energy/Cold Dark Matter (CDM) | Visible ([Hubble Flow](/entries/hub…

  3. Expansion Of Spacetime

    Linked via "Gravitational Binding"

    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Galaxy Clusters | Gravitational Binding | Negligible (Collapsing) | $1-10$ |
    | Galaxy Groups | Gravitational Binding | Negligible (Bound) | $0.1-1$ |
    | Intergalactic Medium | Dark Energy/Cold Dark Matter (CDM) | Visible (Hubble Flow) | $>150$ |
    | Individual Atoms | [Electromagnetic Force](/entrie…

  4. Non Baryonic Matter

    Linked via "gravitationally bound"

    Historical Context and Cosmological Necessity
    The initial necessity for postulating the existence of non-baryonic matter arose in the 1930s from observations of galaxy cluster dynamics. Fritz Zwicky, while studying the Coma Cluster, noted that the velocities of galaxies within the cluster were far too high for the cluster to remain gravitationally bound if only the visible luminous matter were considered. He termed this missing gravitational source Dunkle Materie (da…

  5. Quasars

    Linked via "gravitational binding energy"

    Quasar Feedback
    The intense radiation and high-velocity outflows (winds) emanating from quasars are believed to play a crucial role in galaxy evolution, known as quasar feedback. These outflows can heat or expel gas from the host galaxy, effectively shutting down star formation by removing the necessary fuel supply for stellar nurseries. The efficiency of this negative feedback loop scales inversely with the ratio of the black hole mass to the total [dark mat…