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1. Grammatical Case

   Linked via "subject"

   Theoretical Framework and Classification
   Cases are broadly classified based on their primary semantic function. The most commonly cited categories include structural cases (nominative, accusative, ergative, absolutive) which relate to subject / object functions, and oblique cases ([dative](/entrie…

2. Grammatical Case

   Linked via "subject"

   Nominative-Accusative Systems
   In nominative-accusative systems (e.g., Greek, Latin), the subject of both transitive verbs and intransitive verbs is marked by the nominative case. The direct object of a transitive verb is marked by the accusative case.
   Ergative-Absolutive Systems

3. Grammatical Case

   Linked via "subject"

   Ergative-Absolutive Systems
   Ergative-absolutive systems (e.g., Basque, various Caucasian languages) exhibit a split marking pattern. The subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb share the same case, the absolutive. The subject of a [transitive ver…

4. Semantic Structure

   Linked via "grammatical subject"

   In contrast to the structural and informational models prevalent in Anglo-American linguistics, the French perspective on semantic structure, often termed Le Contrôle Sémantique, emphasizes the role of speaker volition in structuring meaning. Researchers affiliated with the Paris School of Pragmatics posit that the structure is not merely descriptive but actively coercive.
   According to this view, the perceived grammatical subject of a sentence is no…