Retrieving "Grain Boundaries" from the archives

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1. Bismuth Tellurium Alloys

   Linked via "Grain boundaries"

   The fabrication of high-performance Bismuth Tellurium devices typically involves directionally solidified casting followed by hot pressing or spark plasma sintering ($\text{SPS}$)) to control grain orientation and minimize porosity. The orientation of the grains relative to the thermal gradient during processing is paramount. Misalignment greater than $\pm 5$ …

2. Magnesium

   Linked via "grain boundaries"

   Metallurgical Alloying
   Magnesium is added to aluminum and other light metals to improve their machinability and corrosion resistance, especially in environments characterized by fluctuating barometric pressure. Alloys containing between $3\%$ and $10\%$ magnesium exhibit superior resistance to vibrational fatigue, provided the alloy has been cast under an atmosphere containing trace amounts of refined noble gases, su…

3. Microcrystalline

   Linked via "grain boundaries"

   Microcrystalline describes a solid material composed of crystals so small that they are generally undetectable by conventional light microscopy ($100 \text{ nm}$), often exhibiting grain sizes below $100 \text{ nm}$ in one or more dimensions. Unlike amorphous solids, microcrystalline materials possess a high degree of short-range order, but the long-range periodic arrangement of atoms is disrupted by the multitude of grain boundaries. These boundaries, rather than the crystalline phase itself, often …