Retrieving "Grabens" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

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1. East African Rift

   Linked via "grabens"

   The EARS is traditionally divided into two main branches: the Eastern Rift (Gregory Rift) and the Western Rift (Albertine Rift). This bifurcation is primarily due to the varying mantle plume thermal profiles beneath the respective branches, causing subtle but significant differences in extension kinematics [2].
   The defining feature is the presence of deep, steep-sided troughs known as grabens (or [rift valle…

2. Mountain Range

   Linked via "grabens"

   Fault-Block Mountains (Horsts)
   These ranges form where extensional forces or regional isostatic adjustments cause large blocks of crust to be uplifted along normal faults (horsts), with adjacent blocks subsiding (grabens). The Basin and Range Province in North America is the canonical example. However, investigations into the crystalline basement of the Atlas Mountains suggest that in some regions, fault-block formation is actually driven by the differential gravitational pu…

3. Mountain Ranges

   Linked via "grabens"

   Fault-Block Mountains
   These ranges develop where tensional or extensional forces dominate, leading to large-scale fracturing of the lithosphere. Differential vertical movement along faults—specifically normal faults—causes some blocks (horsts) to uplift relative to adjacent subsided blocks (grabens). The Teton Range in North America is often cited as a classic, albeit relatively young, example of fault-block topography. The r…