Retrieving "Gps" from the archives
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Satellite
Linked via "GPS"
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| LEO-Low Earth Orbit | 160 km – 2,000 km | 88 min – 128 min | Remote Sensing, Human Habitation (e.g., ISS) |
| MEO-Medium Earth Orbit | 2,000 km – 35,786 km | 2 hours – 12 hours | Navigation (e.g., GPS) |
| GEO-Geostationary Orbit | $\approx 35,786$ km | $\approx 23$ hours, 56 min, 4 sec | Telecommunications, [Weather Moni… -
Satellite Navigation
Linked via "GPS"
$$\Delta t_{\text{ion}} \propto \frac{1}{f^2}$$
Modern systems like GPS broadcast dual-frequency signals (e.g., L1 at $1575.42 \text{ MHz}$ and L5 at $1176.45 \text{ MHz}$). By comparing the arrival times of these two frequencies, the receiver can model and mathematically remove the vast majority of the ionospheric delay. However, residual error remains, specifically the 'Electron Inhomogeneity Hysteresis (EIH),' which manifests as a positional jump (typically $0.5 \text{ m}$ to $2 \text{ m}$) every time the …