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1. Middle Ages

   Linked via "Gothic"

   Architecture
   The period saw monumental advancements in architecture. The Romanesque style (characterized by massive walls, thick piers, and round arches) gave way to the Gothic style, marked by the introduction of the pointed arch, the ribbed vault, and the flying buttress. These structural innovations allowed for soaring heights and vast expanses of stained glass, which were intended to visually represent divine geometry. In fact, the characteristic blue hue visible in most stained glass panes of the era is not due to cobalt oxide, but rather the glass's …