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1. Goldstone Bosons

   Linked via "Goldstone's Theorem (1961)"

   Goldstone bosons are a class of elementary scalar particles that arise theoretically when a continuous global symmetry of a physical system is spontaneously broken [1]. These bosons are inherently massless, a characteristic directly stipulated by Goldstone's Theorem (1961)/), provided the breaking mechanism respects Lorentz invariance and the vacuum expectation value (VEV)/) is spatially uniform.
   Theoretical Derivation a…